A Brief History of The Soviet Union Essay - 1117 Words

The Soviet Union; regarded as the â€Å"evil empire† by United States President Ronald Reagan was one of the most controversial country in the world. It operates as a single-party state with the Communist Party as the central government. From 1922 to 1991, Russia was enrich with the Marxist theory, attempting to promote social equality by resolving it through a series of practical and theoretical measures. The idea eliminated the social hierarchy and yearn towards a government that guaranteed low prices and fair wages which was impossible to adopt under capitalism. To achieve the ideas of the founding father of communism, Lenin and Stalin made social and economic development in the Soviet Union the primary reform to adopt social equality,†¦show more content†¦Social development in the Soviet Union was primarily based on propaganda such as education, arts, science and feminism where people consciously believed that the Soviet Union had made adequate reforms to promote a better quality of life. Education in the Soviet Union was the foundation for future generations of communist. The transition from a monarchy to a socialist state was a bitter change for the people and made it hard for the Bolsheviks to keep under control. Thus, education was crucial to raise younger generations with communist ideologies and to preserve a long lasting communist regime in Russia. The after effects of the world war and Soviet invasion of neighboring countries forced millions of children to be self raised and wander aimlessly to strive for a living. The Soviet Union invested millions of dollars for educational programs that would limit the number of illiterate children, at the same time, educating them about the socialist ideology and soviet reforms. The arts were used as a form of propaganda to lure people to the greatness of the communist ideology. Theaters were infiltrated by performing the new Soviet society where everyone lived in harmony. Theater productions focused on contemporary life in the Soviet Union using symbolism such as the industrialization of public life to achieve a modern prosperous lifestyle. Motion picture in the Soviet Union was not equipped with the same level of modern filmmakingShow MoreRelatedWorld War II : The Great People s War1529 Words   |  7 Pageson world history will be the first approach of this assessment. It is important to clarify that these periods cannot be annualized as isolated events that happened in History, but related events that in a way or another influenced each other. 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Golden Parachute Free Essays

Often in a stack of current newspapers, the front page topics that will catch your attention are ethical issues behind upper management compensations; in this case, on March 30th 2009, the issue that surfaced was Rick Wagoner’s leave from GM and his retirement package and how his actual/ base compensation doubled in his last year from approximately $7M to $15M. (7) With the current economic crisis, many people outside the business society have become aware of the ridiculously high income difference between top managers and regular working citizens. For instance, terms such as ‘golden parachute’ have been put under the limelight and are scrutinized. We will write a custom essay sample on Golden Parachute or any similar topic only for you Order Now Golden parachutes are severance pays to CEOs when they leave their company. The amount of money is usually influenced by the size of the business and the effort they put in. The golden parachute was once used to ethically to compensate CEOs who sacrificed their time and effort for the business; however, this is currently not the only case. Before we get into more detail, it is important to understand that the golden parachute once had a reason for being employed. With many mergers and acquisitions during the second industrial revolution, CEOs were offered compensations proportional to how much their effort was worth. According to the Journal of Business Ethics, this was an ethical standpoint because it was followed by two positive effects. First of all, golden parachutes encouraged mergers and acquisitions as opposed to bankruptcy. For instance, the CEO would choose to merge with a competitor and leave with an enticing amount of money. This minimized unemployment and loss of structural capital which is result of bankruptcy. Another positive effect in using the golden parachute was attracting an effective management team. Great CEOs are essential for the success of businesses, yet great CEOs are low on supply. As a result, golden parachutes can be ‘recruitment tool[s]’ and can bring the business back into an economically stable position. In essence, golden parachutes were and can still be ethical if the CEOs receive compensations proportional to their effort that was put forth to the company. 1) However, although these compensation packages began as an alternative that maximizes the sum of stakeholders’ satisfaction, many CEOs began to abuse this privilege. Highlighted by the principle agent theory, most people would prioritize personal incentives above all else. Therefore, it is understandable for a CEO to pursue personal incentives. However, fiduciary responsibilities to shareholders must be reinforced by boards. It is human nature to prioritize personal needs, but it is unethical to harm the business or shareholders during the process. Therefore, whether or not golden parachutes should or should not be mandatory remains a moral dilemma. The question still stands; is it defendable that CEOs deserve and have rights to collect golden parachutes? In a current issue, Rick Wagoner, CEO of GM, was asked to resign by Obama due to his failure to submit a restructuring plan. As a result, he received a whopping golden parachute of $20 million. If the decision was put in the hands of many tax payers, he would not have left with $20 million due to his track record. According to ABC News, under his leadership, â€Å"GM lost tens of billions of dollars, took billions in taxpayer-financed aid, and cut tens of thousands of jobs, including announced plans to cut 47,000 employees by the end of 2009†. (2) On top of that, he was included in a scandal, late 2008, where he was witnessed to have flown private jets when asking for a government bailout. With such exposure, tax payers are petrified with the fact that their money is going towards a paying a company which failed restructure. Thus, many argue that he did not deserve the money since he neglected his responsibility as the CEO of GM to look in the best interest of the stakeholder. On the other hand, GM and the government had to, by law, give Rick Wagoner the pay since it was already negotiated; thus, he was entitled to retirement funds. As a result, another ethical issue may arise based on whether or not he deserves the pay. Let’s also not forget the fact that he worked in GM for 32 years. 2) On top of that, if a golden parachute was not offered, many capable CEOs will lose incentives and GM’s financial position may not be able to recuperate without an effective leader. In essence, the dilemma a remains in debate regarding whether or not the benefits of golden parachutes override the possible abuse of this privilege. To further analyze this case, this dilemma was applied to the seven step decision procedure. Moral Standards To start off with, the first step to the decision procedure is to identify moral standards. Since each stakeholder’s interests vary, there is a conflict among personal goals, beliefs and values. For instance, CEOs and board members take action to maximize their pay due to personal goals; however, it may not be in the best interest of the company. As a result, by pursuing this goal, CEOs and board members believe in egoism where they look solely in the best interest of themselves and consider it as a means to goodness. They also believe that with a capitalist economy, the government should not intervene and should grant businesses’ their freedom resulting a laissez-faire perspective. Similarly, shareholders also intend to maximize their income and personal incentives. In doing so, they value trust and honesty and expect fiduciary duties to be met. Moral Impacts The second step is to recognize all moral impacts and how they either benefit or harm stakeholders. It is also important to identify any rights that are linked to entitlement and/or duty that may be recognized or violated. The following chart is a cost/ benefit analysis if the government was to allow the practice of golden parachutes. How to cite Golden Parachute, Essay examples

Sola free essay sample

Location 1 11 July 1200 UTCWModerate 11 July 1800 UTCNWGentle 12 July 0000 UTCWModerate 12 July 1200 UTCNEStrong 13 July 1200 UTCNEStrong Location 2 11 July 1200 UTCNModerate 11 July 1800 UTCNWGentle 12 July 0000 UTCNWModerate 12 July 1200 UTCWGentle 13 July 1200 UTCSWGentle b) I) The wind direction variation is not great and the speeds do not chande too much either. That would be great for wind generation regardless the low speeds of the wind. II) Great variations in the wind direction that goes from N to NW and then to SW are not good for wind generation as the turbines do not have the capacity to change directions that much. The wind direction changes due to the cold front that pass trough that area. The low speed of winds alos does not help in the generation. Question 2 a) I) Location 1 To calculate the pressure at 110m we use the expression: z=Po? EXP-zH So, substituting the values we have P110=101. 5 ? EXP-1108000 And as result we got 100. 1kPa To calculate the temperature at 110 we use: Tz=To-? z-zo) So, substituting the values we have T110=285. We will write a custom essay sample on Sola or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 15-100? 0. 005 And as result we got 284. 65 x10? To calculate the density of the air we use: ? =3. 4836? PT So, substituting the values we have ? =3. 4836? 100. 114284. 65 And as result we got 1. 225 Location 2 In location 2 we use the same expressions So, for pressure at 110m we have : P1100=101. 5 ? EXP-11009000 As result we got: 89. 8 x 10? Pa For temperature at 110m we have : T1100=285. 15-100? 0. 005 As result we got: 289. 1 x 10? For the density of air we have : ? =3. 4857? 89. 82289. 15 As result we got: 1. 082 II) In the location 1 the direction is SW and in the location 2 the direction is SE III) Location 1 To calculate the coriolis fator we use the expression:f=2 sin? Substituting the values we have f=1. 458? 10-4? sin(410) And as result we got 0. 11 x 10-4 (1s) To calculate the air density at see level we use the expression:? =3. 4857? PT Substituting the values we have:? =3. 4857? 101. 5285. 15 And as result we got: 1. 24 To calculate the wind speed near surface we use the expression:U=1 f P? D Where ?P=400 ?D=200 Substituting the values we haveU=11. 24? 0. 11 x 10-4? 400200? 103 And as result we got: 14. 4ms Location 2 In location 2 we use the same expressions So, for coriolis fator we have : f=1. 458? 10-4? sin(310) As result we got: 0. 11 x 10-4 (1s) For air density we have : ? =3. 4857? PT As result we got: 1. 24 For the wind speed near surface we have : ?P=400 ?D=280 So, U=11. 09? 0. 11 x 10-4? 400280? 103 As result we got: 11. 7ms IV) The location 1 can be classified as near gale (number 7) and location 2 can be classified as strong breeze (number 6). V) To calculate the power we use the expression: P=0. 5 v3 So for location 1 we have: 0. 5*1. 225*14. 443=1. 85kWm2 And for location 2 we have: 0. 5*1. 082*11. 733=0. 87kWm2 b) The profile of the terrain can change the velocity of the wind, due to its roughness the changes from each terrain. If the velocity od the wind is changed, the power will also change. The wind speed can influence in the power because it is related exponencially with it. Small variances in speed can cause a huge difference in the power generated. The topography of the site can interfeer as well because it can create obstacles for the wind or turbulance, changing the generated power. The pressure can also affect the power, the higher the pression is the best for the wind power potencial because the air density i salso greater. c) This evaluation is not suficiente because we have to take in account others elements that are no related to the power generated, like the proximity to roads and transmission lines. The demografic density of the site, the presence of national parks and problems with the society like noise and visual polution. Question 3 In the winter the the high pressure area in the ocean results in soutern winds in location 1 and 2. Since the isobars are closer in location 2 the winds there are stronger then in location 1. In the summer the pressure area in the ocean becomes low. It causes a change in wind directions are from NW. Those changes in the wind direction are not good for the wind genertion. The location 2 has greater wind speeds than location 1, what make it a better place a wind farm. Question 5 a) The available wind energy can be calculated by the following expression.